Cocoa polyphenols prevent inflammation in the colon of azoxymethane-treated rats and in TNF-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells

Rodriguez Ramiro, Ildefonso, Ramos, Sonia, López-Oliva, Elvira, Agis-Torres, Angel, Bravo, Laura, Goya, Luis and Martín, Maria Angeles (2013) Cocoa polyphenols prevent inflammation in the colon of azoxymethane-treated rats and in TNF-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells. British Journal of Nutrition, 110 (2). pp. 206-215. ISSN 1475-2662

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Abstract

Numerous lines of evidence support a relationship between intestinal inflammation and cancer. Therefore, much attention has recently been focused on the identification of natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activities as a strategy to suppress the early stages of colorectal cancer. Because cocoa is a rich source of bioactive compounds, the present study investigated its anti-inflammatory properties in a rat model of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis and in TNF-a-stimulated Caco-2 cells. A total of forty male rats were fed with control or cocoa-enriched diets (12 %) during 8 weeks and injected with saline or AOM (20 mg/kg body weight) during the third and fourth week (n 10 rats/group). At the end of the experiment, colon samples were evaluated for markers of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity of a cocoa polyphenolic extract (10 µg/ml) was examined in TNF-a-stimulated Caco-2 cells, an in vitro model of experimentally induced intestinal inflammation. The signalling pathways involved, including NF-?B and the mitogen-activated protein kinase family such as c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases and p38, were also evaluated. The results show that the cocoa-rich diet decreases the nuclear levels of NF-?B and the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes such as cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase induced by AOM in the colon. Additionally, the experiments in Caco-2 cells confirm that cocoa polyphenols effectively down-regulate the levels of inflammatory markers induced by TNF-a by inhibiting NF-?B translocation and JNK phosphorylation. We conclude that cocoa polyphenols suppress inflammation-related colon carcinogenesis and could be promising in the dietary prevention of intestinal inflammation and related cancer development.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	anti-inflammatory agents,phytotherapy,nf-kappa b,animals,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,polyphenols,cacao,plant extracts,humans,inflammation,rats,neoplasms,phosphorylation,colon,down-regulation,map kinase kinase 4,azoxymethane,inflammation mediators,diet,signal transduction,biological markers,male,sdg 3 - good health and well-being ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	11 Nov 2013 12:24
Last Modified:	24 Oct 2022 04:59
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/44347
DOI:	10.1017/S0007114512004862

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