Early determinants of type-2 diabetes

Berends, L M and Ozanne, S E (2012) Early determinants of type-2 diabetes. Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 26 (5). pp. 569-580. ISSN 1878-1594

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Abstract

The global prevalence of type-2 diabetes (T2D) has more than doubled in the last 30 years and is predicted to continue to rise at an alarming rate. The associated health and financial burdens are considerable. The aetiology of common forms of T2D is multifactorial and involves a complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. The influential role of the environment, in particular our diet and sedentary lifestyles, in diabetes risk is well established. Of major concern is the increasing prevalence of early onset T2D or pre-diabetic characteristics in children. In recent years, the role of the early life environment in programming diabetes risk has been the focus of numerous human and animal studies. Historical studies highlighted an association between low birthweight, a proxy for suboptimal in utero growth, and diabetes risk in adulthood. Over more recent years it has become apparent that a variety of expositions, including maternal obesity and/or maternal diabetes, can have a significant effect on offspring health outcomes. Further complicating matters, paternal and transgenerational transmission of T2D can occur thus mediating a perpetuating cycle of disease risk between generations. It is imperative for the underlying mechanisms to be elucidated so that interventions can be introduced. In doing so, it may be possible to prevent, delay or reverse a pre-programmed risk for T2D induced by pre- and/or postnatal environmental factors to improve health outcomes and curb premature metabolic decline. This review presents evidence for how the early life environment may programme T2D risk and suggests some mechanisms by which this may occur.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	models, animal,obesity,animals,pregnancy complications,micrornas,infant, low birth weight,humans,infant, newborn,child,diabetes, gestational,epigenesis, genetic,pregnancy,child, preschool,insulin-secreting cells,risk factors,oxidative stress,adult,diabetes mellitus, type 2,diet,adolescent,infant, small for gestational age,female,fetal growth retardation,prenatal exposure delayed effects,sdg 3 - good health and well-being ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	04 Nov 2013 22:10
Last Modified:	24 Oct 2022 04:57
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/44224
DOI:	10.1016/j.beem.2012.03.002

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