A mouse model of pathological small intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and shedding induced by systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide

Williams, Jonathan M, Duckworth, Carrie A, Watson, Alastair J M ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3326-0426, Frey, Mark R, Miguel, Jennifer C, Burkitt, Michael D, Sutton, Robert, Hughes, Kevin R, Hall, Lindsay J ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8938-5709, Caamaño, Jorge H, Campbell, Barry J and Pritchard, D Mark (2013) A mouse model of pathological small intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and shedding induced by systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide. Disease Models & Mechanisms, 6 (6). pp. 1388-1399. ISSN 1754-8411

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Abstract

The gut barrier, composed of a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) held together by tight junctions, prevents the entrance of harmful microorganisms, antigens and toxins from the gut lumen into the blood. Small intestinal homeostasis is normally maintained by the rate of shedding of senescent enterocytes from the villus tip exactly matching the rate of generation of new cells in the crypt. However, in various localized and systemic inflammatory conditions, intestinal homeostasis can be disturbed as a result of increased IEC shedding. Such pathological IEC shedding can cause transient gaps to develop in the epithelial barrier and result in increased intestinal permeability. Although pathological IEC shedding has been implicated in the pathogenesis of conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. We have therefore developed a murine model to study this phenomenon, because IEC shedding in this species is morphologically analogous to humans. IEC shedding was induced by systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in wild-type C57BL/6 mice, and in mice deficient in TNF-receptor 1 (Tnfr1(-/-)), Tnfr2 (Tnfr2(-/-)), nuclear factor kappa B1 (Nf?b1(-/-)) or Nf?b2 (Nf?b2(-/-)). Apoptosis and cell shedding was quantified using immunohistochemistry for active caspase-3, and gut-to-circulation permeability was assessed by measuring plasma fluorescence following fluorescein-isothiocyanate-dextran gavage. LPS, at doses =0.125 mg/kg body weight, induced rapid villus IEC apoptosis, with peak cell shedding occurring at 1.5 hours after treatment. This coincided with significant villus shortening, fluid exudation into the gut lumen and diarrhea. A significant increase in gut-to-circulation permeability was observed at 5 hours. TNFR1 was essential for LPS-induced IEC apoptosis and shedding, and the fate of the IECs was also dependent on NF?B, with signaling via NF?B1 favoring cell survival and via NF?B2 favoring apoptosis. This model will enable investigation of the importance and regulation of pathological IEC apoptosis and cell shedding in various diseases.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	sdg 3 - good health and well-being ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Gastroenterology and Gut Biology
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	27 Oct 2013 22:00
Last Modified:	18 Aug 2023 00:04
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/43966
DOI:	10.1242/dmm.013284

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