Redox mechanisms in retinal cells

Wherry, Lydia Elspeth (2012) Redox mechanisms in retinal cells. Other thesis, University of East Anglia.

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Abstract

Oxidative stress is a key underlying component in the pathogenesis of retinal
diseases, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age related macular
degeneration (AMD). Intracellular and extracellular anti-oxidants counteract
oxidative stress to prevent tissue damage and subsequent disease. The
transcription factor Nrf2 is found in mammalian cells and is a major sensor of
redox changes. In response to oxidative stress, it activates numerous
intracellular anti-oxidant enzymes and cytoprotective proteins. Exogenous antioxidants
also utilise this pathway to amplify the anti-oxidant response in cells. In
retinal pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptor cells, the Nrf2 pathway has
been involved in providing cytoprotection and delaying degeneration within the
eye. Mueller cells play a supportive role within the retina, protecting the
surrounding cells from oxidative stress. However, the effects of oxidative stress
and the Nrf2 pathway have not previously been investigated in retinal Mueller
cells. In this study, the effects of a range of pro-oxidants and the dietary antioxidant
sulforaphane (SFN) on the Nrf2 pathway were investigated in the
human Mueller MIO-M1 cell line. None of the pro-oxidants investigated,
including hydrogen peroxide, high glucose concentrations, oxygen and glucose
deprivation, lipopolysaccharide and TNF-α, activated Nrf2-mediated gene
expression in MIO-M1 cells. Hydrogen peroxide however, induced the Nrf2-
driven cellular anti-oxidant heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the human ARPE-19
retinal epithelial cell line In contrast, SFN significantly increased HO-1 and
NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), but not ferritin or Thioredoxin
(Trx1) expression in MIO-M1 cells, which are Nrf2 target genes. SFN also
increased Nrf2 protein expression but not Nrf2 de novo synthesis in MIO-M13
cells. SFN-induced Nrf2 and HO-1 expression was dose-dependently suppressed by Bisindolylmaleimide I (a protein kinase C inhibitor) and LY294002 (a phosphionositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) inhibitor). These results suggest that Mueller cells may be more resistant to oxidative stress than other retinal cell types and that SFN utilises the Nrf2 pathway to amplify the anti-oxidant response in these cells via PI3K and PKC regulation of Nrf2. In conclusion, the Nrf2 pathway may have a key role in amplifying neuroprotection in the diseased retina through SFN in the Mueller cells.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > School of Pharmacy
Depositing User:	Users 2593 not found.
Date Deposited:	08 Jul 2013 15:59
Last Modified:	17 Jul 2013 12:02
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/42953
DOI:

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