Phosphorylation-dependent differential regulation of plant growth, cell death, and innate immunity by the regulatory receptor-like kinase BAK1

Schwessinger, Benjamin, Roux, Milena, Kadota, Yasuhiro, Ntoukakis, Vardis, Sklenar, Jan, Jones, Alexandra and Zipfel, Cyril (2011) Phosphorylation-dependent differential regulation of plant growth, cell death, and innate immunity by the regulatory receptor-like kinase BAK1. PLoS Genetics, 7 (4). ISSN 1553-7404

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Abstract

Plants rely heavily on receptor-like kinases (RLKs) for perception and integration of external and internal stimuli. The Arabidopsis regulatory leucine-rich repeat RLK (LRR-RLK) BAK1 is involved in steroid hormone responses, innate immunity, and cell death control. Here, we describe the differential regulation of three different BAK1-dependent signaling pathways by a novel allele of BAK1, bak1-5. Innate immune signaling mediated by the BAK1-dependent RKs FLS2 and EFR is severely compromised in bak1-5 mutant plants. However, bak1-5 mutants are not impaired in BR signaling or cell death control. We also show that, in contrast to the RD kinase BRI1, the non-RD kinases FLS2 and EFR have very low kinase activity, and we show that neither was able to trans-phosphorylate BAK1 in vitro. Furthermore, kinase activity for all partners is completely dispensable for the ligand-induced heteromerization of FLS2 or EFR with BAK1 in planta, revealing another pathway specific mechanistic difference. The specific suppression of FLS2- and EFR-dependent signaling in bak1-5 is not due to a differential interaction of BAK1-5 with the respective ligand-binding RK but requires BAK1-5 kinase activity. Overall our results demonstrate a phosphorylation-dependent differential control of plant growth, innate immunity, and cell death by the regulatory RLK BAK1, which may reveal key differences in the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of ligand-binding RD and non-RD RKs.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	© 2011 Schwessinger et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	alleles,arabidopsis,arabidopsis proteins,cell death,cloning, molecular,gene expression regulation, plant,hypocotyl,immunity, innate,phosphorylation,plants, genetically modified,point mutation,protein kinases,protein-serine-threonine kinases,reactive oxygen species,receptors, pattern recognition,recombinant fusion proteins,signal transduction,steroids
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science > The Sainsbury Laboratory
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Plant Sciences
Depositing User:	Users 2731 not found.
Date Deposited:	21 Feb 2012 16:01
Last Modified:	22 Oct 2022 22:33
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/37334
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pgen.1002046

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