Dynamical ocean forcing of the Madden-Julian Oscillation at lead times of up to five months

Webber, Benjamin G. M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8812-5929, Stevens, David P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-4405, Matthews, Adrain J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-1168 and Heywood, Karen J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9859-0026 (2012) Dynamical ocean forcing of the Madden-Julian Oscillation at lead times of up to five months. Journal of Climate, 25. pp. 2824-2842. ISSN 0894-8755

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Abstract

We show that a simple three-dimensional ocean model linearised about a resting basic state can accurately simulate the dynamical ocean response to wind forcing by the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). This includes the propagation of equatorial waves in the Indian Ocean, from the generation of oceanic equatorial Kelvin waves to the arrival of downwelling oceanic equatorial Rossby waves in the western Indian Ocean, where they have been shown to trigger MJO convective activity. Simulations with idealised wind forcing suggest that the latitudinal width of this forcing plays a crucial role in determining the potential for such feedbacks. Forcing the model with composite MJO winds accurately captures the global ocean response, demonstrating that the observed ocean dynamical response to the MJO can be interpreted as a linear response to surface wind forcing. The model is then applied to study “primary” Madden-Julian events, which are not immediately preceded by any MJO activity nor by any apparent atmospheric triggers, but have been shown to coincide with the arrival of downwelling oceanic equatorial Rossby waves. Case study simulations show how this oceanic equatorial Rossby wave activity is partly forced by reflection of an oceanic equatorial Kelvin wave triggered by a westerly wind burst 140 days previously, and partly directly forced by easterly wind stress anomalies around 40 days prior to the event. This suggests predictability for primary Madden-Julian events on times scales of up to five months, following the re-emergence of oceanic anomalies forced by winds almost half a year earlier.

Item Type: Article
Faculty \ School: Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences
Faculty of Science > School of Mathematics
University of East Anglia Research Groups/Centres > Theme - ClimateUEA
UEA Research Groups: Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Climatic Research Unit
Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences
Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (former - to 2017)
Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Meteorology, Oceanography and Climate Dynamics (former - to 2017)
Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Volcanoes@UEA (former - to 2018)
Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Climate, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences (former - to 2017)
Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Fluid and Solid Mechanics
Depositing User: Rhiannon Harvey
Date Deposited: 08 Feb 2012 10:44
Last Modified: 15 Jun 2023 23:37
URI: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/36933
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00268.1

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