The metabolism of clopidogrel is catalyzed by human cytochrome P450 3A and is inhibited by atorvastatin

Clarke, Thomas A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6234-1914 and Waskell, Lucy A. (2003) The metabolism of clopidogrel is catalyzed by human cytochrome P450 3A and is inhibited by atorvastatin. Drug Metabolism & Disposition, 31 (1). pp. 53-59. ISSN 1521-009X

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Abstract

The prodrug clopidogrel (Plavix) is activated by cytochrome P450 (P450) to a metabolite that inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Clopidogrel is frequently administered to patients in conjunction with the CYP3A4 substrate atorvastatin (Lipitor). Since clinical studies indicate that atorvastatin inhibits the antiplatelet activity of clopidogrel, we investigated whether CYP3A4 metabolized clopidogrel in vitro. Microsomes prepared from dexamethasone-pretreated rats metabolized clopidogrel at a rate of 3.8 nmol min-1nmol of P450-1, which is 65 and 1270% faster than the rate of metabolism by microsomes from control and ß-napthoflavone-treated rats, respectively. To identify the human P450s responsible for clopidogrel oxidation, genetically engineered microsomes containing a single human P450 isozyme were tested for their ability to oxidize clopidogrel. CYP3A4 and 3A5 metabolized clopidogrel at a significantly higher rate than eight other P450 isozymes, suggesting that CYP3A4 and 3A5 are primarily responsible for in vivo clopidogrel metabolism. Clopidogrel interacts with human CYP3A4 with a spectral dissociation constant (Ks),Km, and Vmax of 12 µM, 14 ± 1 µM and 6.7 ± 1 nmol min-1nmol P450-1, respectively. Atorvastatin lactone, the physiologically relevant substrate, inhibits clopidogrel with aKi of 6 µM. When clopidogrel and atorvastatin are present at equimolar concentrations, clopidogrel metabolism is inhibited by greater than 90%. Since CYP3A4 and 3A5 metabolize clopidogrel faster than other human P450 isozymes and are the most abundant P450s in human liver, they are predicted to be predominantly responsible for the activation of clopidogrel in vivo.

Item Type:	Article
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > School of Biological Sciences
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Molecular Microbiology Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Energy Materials Laboratory Faculty of Science > Research Centres > Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry
Depositing User:	EPrints Services
Date Deposited:	01 Oct 2010 13:38
Last Modified:	24 Sep 2024 10:08
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/1451
DOI:	10.1124/dmd.31.1.53

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