Sensitivity of Mountain Hydroclimate Simulations in Variable-Resolution CESM to Microphysics and Horizontal Resolution

Rhoades, Alan M., Ullrich, Paul A., Zarzycki, Colin M., Johansen, Hans, Margulis, Steven A., Morrison, Hugh, Xu, Zexuan and Collins, William D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-9848 (2018) Sensitivity of Mountain Hydroclimate Simulations in Variable-Resolution CESM to Microphysics and Horizontal Resolution. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 10 (6). pp. 1357-1380. ISSN 1942-2466

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Abstract

Mountains are natural dams that impede atmospheric moisture transport and water towers that cool, condense, and store precipitation. They are essential in the western United States where precipitation is seasonal, and snowpack is needed to meet water demand. With anthropogenic climate change increasingly threatening mountain snowpack, there is a pressing need to better understand the driving climatological processes. However, the coarse resolution typical of modern global climate models renders them largely insufficient for this task, and signals a need for an advanced strategy. This paper continues the assessment of variable-resolution in the Community Earth System Model (VR-CESM) in modeling mountain hydroclimatology to understand the role of grid-spacing at 55, 28, 14, and 7 km and microphysics, specifically the Morrison and Gettelman (, MG1, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2105.1) scheme versus the Gettelman and Morrison (, MG2, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00102.1) scheme. Eight VR-CESM simulations were performed from 1999 to 2015 with the F_AMIP_CAM5 component set, which couples the atmosphere-land models and prescribes ocean data. Refining horizontal grid-spacing from 28 to 7 km with the MG1 scheme did not improve the simulated mountain hydroclimatology. Substantial improvements occurred with the use of MG2 at grid-spacings ≤28 km compared to MG1 as shown with subsequent statistics. Average SWE bias diminished by 9.4X, 4.9X, and 3.5X from 55 to 7 km. The range in minimum (maximum) DJF spatial correlations increased by 0.1–0.2 in both precipitation and SWE. Mountain windward/leeward distributions and elevation profiles improved across hydroclimate variables, however not always with model resolution alone. Disconcertingly, all VR-CESM simulations exhibited a systemic mountain cold bias that worsened with elevation and will require further examination.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Publisher Copyright: © 2018. The Authors.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	hydroclimatology,microphysics,regional downscaling,snowpack,variable-resolution global climate models,water resources,global and planetary change,environmental chemistry,general earth and planetary sciences,sdg 13 - climate action,sdg 15 - life on land ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2306
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences
Related URLs:	https://www.scopus.com/pages/publication...
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	06 Jul 2026 13:46
Last Modified:	12 Jul 2026 23:02
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/103617
DOI:	10.1029/2018MS001326

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