Cessation of smoking trial in the emergency department: Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial

Pope, Ian, Halicka, Zuzanna, Clark, Lucy, Stirling, Susan, Clark, Allan and Notley, Caitlin (2025) Cessation of smoking trial in the emergency department: Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Nicotine and Tobacco Research. ISSN 1462-2203

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Abstract

Introduction: Emergency departments (EDs) offer a valuable opportunity to deliver smoking cessation interventions. Long-term abstinence confers the maximum health benefits. Methods: Adults attending UK EDs who currently smoked were randomized to an intervention (brief advice, e-cigarette, and referral to local stop smoking services) or control (contact details for local stop smoking services). Participants were followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months as part of the main trial. Participants who consented to long-term follow-up were also contacted at approximately 18 months post randomization. For an “all participants” analysis, those who did not consent to long-term follow-up had their smoking status set at the value of the 6-month outcome. Those who did not respond were assumed to be smoking. Results: Long-term follow-up occurred between 14 and 22 months, mean = 18 months. Long-term follow-up for those who consented to this was 35% in the intervention group (n = 145) and 34% in the control group (n = 143). For those who consented to long-term follow-up self-reported 7-day abstinence at 18 months was 12.8% in the intervention group (n = 53) and 8.33% in the control group (n = 35) (RR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.04%−2.32%, p = .031). For all participants self-reported 7-day abstinence at long-term follow-up was 13.8% in the intervention group (n = 67) and 8.6% in the control group (n = 42) (RR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.12%−2.31%, p = .010). Conclusions: Adults who smoke attending the ED who received a smoking cessation intervention were significantly more likely to report abstinence 18 months after randomization. Implications: Emergency Departments should be considered as a location for smoking cessation interventions in order to increase long-term abstinence.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Data Availability: The protocol, consent form, statistical analysis plan, medical ethics committee approvals, training materials, and other relevant study materials are available online at https://osf.io/8hbne/. Deidentified participant data will be made available upon reasonable request. Funding information: This study is funded by the NIHR [Health Technology Assessment (NIHR129438)]. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. The funder had no role in considering the study design or in the collection, analysis, interpretation of data, writing of the report, or decision to submit the article for publication.
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Norwich Clinical Trials Unit Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Epidemiology and Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Health Services and Primary Care Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Statistics Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Norwich Institute for Healthy Aging
Related URLs:	https://academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-art...
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	14 Nov 2025 17:30
Last Modified:	16 Nov 2025 07:30
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/101004
DOI:	10.1093/ntr/ntaf200

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