Diet and nutrition in cardiovascular disease prevention: A scientific statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology and the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions of the European Society of Cardiology

Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Tsampasian, Vasiliki, Cassidy, Aedin, Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe, Chrysohoou, Christina, Koskinas, Konstantinos, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Czapla, Michał, Kavousi, Maryam, Kouvari, Matina, Vassiliou, Vassilios S. and Panagiotakos, Demosthenes (2025) Diet and nutrition in cardiovascular disease prevention: A scientific statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology and the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions of the European Society of Cardiology. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. ISSN 2047-4873

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Abstract

What we eat is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, but health professionals may not have a clear understanding of the current evidence-based research to underpin eating habits and recommendations. This study aims to appraise existing evidence-based research on the importance of diet on CVD risk biomarkers, specifically, the effects of dietary patterns, specific foods, and constituents including vitamins/minerals and plant-derived bioactive compounds on CVD risk. Plant-based dietary patterns rich in minimally processed foods, vegetables, and fruits reduce CVD risk, while patterns rich in ultra-processed foods, meat, salt, sugar, and saturated fat increase risk. The Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and vegetarian diets reduce CVD risk, while vegan diets offer no additional benefit. Low-carbohydrate diets may be beneficial, but their long-term effect remains to be confirmed. Balanced distribution of caloric intake through different meals is associated with favourable effects. Fasting (e.g. alternate-day, intermittent, time-restricted, and periodic) can reduce CVD risk but is often challenging. Moderate coffee consumption is not associated with increased risk of CVD. The consumption of one unit of alcohol/day may contribute to a reduced cardiovascular risk without presenting an unfavourable risk profile. Generally, there is no evidence that vitamin and mineral supplementation reduces CVD risk. High potassium intake is beneficial in healthy individuals, calcium or selenium supplementation shows no added benefit, and high sodium intake is detrimental. Diet is a major component of CVD prevention, and health professionals should include dietary assessment and evidence-based recommendations in their clinical practice.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	sdg 3 - good health and well-being ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Metabolic Health Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Norwich Epidemiology Centre Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Norwich Epidemiology Centre Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health
Related URLs:	https://academic.oup.com/eurjpc/advance-...
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	21 Aug 2025 14:30
Last Modified:	21 Aug 2025 14:30
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/100193
DOI:	10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf310

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