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Davis, Peter E. D., Nicholls, Keith W., Holland, David M., Schmidt, Britney E., Washam, Peter, Riverman, Kiya L., Arthern, Robert J., Vaňková, Irena, Eayrs, Clare, Smith, James A., Anker, Paul G. D., Mullen, Andrew D., Dichek, Daniel, Lawrence, Justin D., Meister, Matthew M., Clyne, Elisabeth, Basinski-Ferris, Aurora, Rignot, Eric, Queste, Bastien Y., Boehme, Lars, Heywood, Karen J. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9859-0026, Anandakrishnan, Sridhar and Makinson, Keith
(2023)
Suppressed basal melting in the eastern Thwaites Glacier grounding zone.
Nature, 614 (7948).
479–485.
ISSN 0028-0836
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Abstract
Thwaites Glacier is one of the fastest-changing ice–ocean systems in Antarctica 1–3. Much of the ice sheet within the catchment of Thwaites Glacier is grounded below sea level on bedrock that deepens inland 4, making it susceptible to rapid and irreversible ice loss that could raise the global sea level by more than half a metre 2,3,5. The rate and extent of ice loss, and whether it proceeds irreversibly, are set by the ocean conditions and basal melting within the grounding-zone region where Thwaites Glacier first goes afloat 3,6, both of which are largely unknown. Here we show—using observations from a hot-water-drilled access hole—that the grounding zone of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf (TEIS) is characterized by a warm and highly stable water column with temperatures substantially higher than the in situ freezing point. Despite these warm conditions, low current speeds and strong density stratification in the ice–ocean boundary layer actively restrict the vertical mixing of heat towards the ice base 7,8, resulting in strongly suppressed basal melting. Our results demonstrate that the canonical model of ice-shelf basal melting used to generate sea-level projections cannot reproduce observed melt rates beneath this critically important glacier, and that rapid and possibly unstable grounding-line retreat may be associated with relatively modest basal melt rates.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | Acknowledgements: This work is from the MELT project, a component of the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration (ITGC). Support from the National Science Foundation (NSF, grant no. 1739003) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC, grant no. NE/S006656/1). Logistics provided by NSF U.S. Antarctic Program and NERC British Antarctic Survey. The ship-based CTD data were supported by the ITGC TARSAN project (NERC grant nos. NE/S006419/1 and NE/S006591/1; NSF grant no. 1929991). ITGC contribution no. ITGC 047. Data availability: The CTD data are available from the UK Polar Data Centre (https://doi.org/10.5285/97204415-683f-4d55-8b38-a2700fa94efe). The mooring data are available from the UK Polar Data Centre (https://doi.org/10.5285/4ffad557-1c3c-4ea7-a73d-6d782331b08a). The ApRES basal melt-rate data are available from the UK Polar Data Centre (https://doi.org/10.5285/B81BFF87-3429-4754-B4B5-C6B58198E744). The Icefin data are available from the United States Antarctic Program Data Center (https://doi.org/10.15784/601618). Code availability: The MATLAB Gibbs-SeaWater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox for TEOS-10 (v3.06) is available at: https://www.teos-10.org/software.htm. The custom MATLAB (R2021a) code and additional materials and libraries required to process the data and generate the figures in the article are available on request from the corresponding author. |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Research Groups/Centres > Theme - ClimateUEA |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Dec 2022 03:51 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Mar 2023 11:34 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/90068 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41586-022-05586-0 |
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