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Loades, Maria Elizabeth, Chatburn, Eleanor 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6745-6737, Higson-Sweeney, Nina, Reynolds, Shirley, Shafran, Roz, Brigden, Amberly, Linney, Catherine, McManus, Megan Niamh, Borwick, Catherine and Crawley, Esther
(2020)
Rapid systematic review: The impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 59 (11).
1218-1239.e3.
ISSN 0890-8567
Abstract
Objective: Disease containment of COVID-19 has necessitated widespread social isolation. We aimed to establish what is known about how loneliness and disease containment measures impact on the mental health in children and adolescents. Method: For this rapid review, we searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Web of Science for articles published between January 1, 1946, and March 29, 2020. Of the articles, 20% were double screened using predefined criteria, and 20% of data was double extracted for quality assurance. Results: A total of 83 articles (80 studies) met inclusion criteria. Of these, 63 studies reported on the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of previously healthy children and adolescents (n = 51,576; mean age 15.3 years). In all, 61 studies were observational, 18 were longitudinal, and 43 were cross-sectional studies assessing self-reported loneliness in healthy children and adolescents. One of these studies was a retrospective investigation after a pandemic. Two studies evaluated interventions. Studies had a high risk of bias, although longitudinal studies were of better methodological quality. Social isolation and loneliness increased the risk of depression, and possibly anxiety at the time at which loneliness was measured and between 0.25 and 9 years later. Duration of loneliness was more strongly correlated with mental health symptoms than intensity of loneliness. Conclusion: Children and adolescents are probably more likely to experience high rates of depression and most likely anxiety during and after enforced isolation ends. This may increase as enforced isolation continues. Clinical services should offer preventive support and early intervention where possible and be prepared for an increase in mental health problems.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Funding Information: Disclosure: Dr. Loades has received funding from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR Doctoral Research Fellowship, DRF-2016-09-021). Ms. Brigden has received funding from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR Doctoral Research Fellowship, DRF-2017-10-169). Profs. Reynolds, Shafran, Crawley and Mss. Chatburn, Higson-Sweeney, Linney, McManus, and Borwick have reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. The authors have reported no funding for this work. All research at Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health is made possible by the NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre. This report is independent research. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | covid-19,disease containment,loneliness,mental health,pandemic,developmental and educational psychology,psychiatry and mental health,sdg 3 - good health and well-being ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3200/3204 |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Lifespan Health |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Nov 2022 12:33 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2023 03:28 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/89752 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.009 |
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