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Fabbro, Gareth N. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5334-2010, McKee, Chris O., Sindang, Mikhail E., Eggins, Stephen and Bouvet de Maisonneuve, Caroline
(2020)
Variable mafic recharge across a caldera cycle at Rabaul, Papua New Guinea.
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 393.
ISSN 0377-0273
Abstract
The size of eruptions from calderas varies greatly, from small effusive eruptions that pose danger only in the immediate vicinity of the vent, to large, caldera-forming events with global impact. However, we currently have little way of knowing the size of the next eruption. Here, we focus on Rabaul Caldera, Papua New Guinea, to investigate differences between the magmatic processes that occurred prior to the >11-km3 caldera-forming “1400 BP” Rabaul Pyroclastics eruption and prior to subsequent, smaller (<1 km3) post-caldera eruptions. During the current, post-caldera phase, basaltic enclaves and mafic minerals are common among the erupted products, indicating basalt has been free to enter the mobile, dacite-dominated region of the sub-caldera plumbing system. Many of the post-caldera magmas are hybrid andesites, reflecting the importance of mixing and mingling of basaltic and dacitic magmas during this period. In contrast, before the Rabaul Pyroclastics eruption, the recharge was an andesite that was not the product of mixing basalt and dacite. The lack of basaltic recharge prior to the Rabaul Pyroclastics eruption suggests basalt was prevented from entering the shallow, sub-caldera magma system at that time, possibly by the presence of a large, silicic, melt-dominated body. That basalt can currently enter the shallow system is consistent with reduced thermal and rheological contrasts between the recharge and resident magma, implying a similar large silicic melt body currently does not exist beneath the caldera. If this hypothesis is correct, it may be possible to track the growth and evolution of large magma reservoirs that feed caldera-forming eruptions by monitoring the petrology of eruptive products.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Funding Information: The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of (late) Herman Patia to this paper for assisting with sample collection. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Ministry of Education - Singapore under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative (Earth Observatory of Singapore contribution no. 280) as well as the Ministry of Education - Singapore Academic Research Fund Tier 1 RG178/16 . COM and MES publish with the permission of the Secretary, Mr. Harry Kore, Department of Mineral Policy & Geohazards Management, Papua New Guinea. Resources for whole-rock geochemical analyses provided by the Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Authors |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | calderas,mafic recharge,magma mixing,magma reservoirs,rabaul,geophysics,geochemistry and petrology ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1908 |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Science > Research Groups > Geosciences |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Oct 2022 12:30 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Oct 2023 01:16 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/89210 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106810 |
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