Tolerance as implicit order: Militias and sexual violence as practice in Indonesian counterinsurgency operations

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Park, Soul and Sim, Zhi Ming (2022) Tolerance as implicit order: Militias and sexual violence as practice in Indonesian counterinsurgency operations. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 16 (1). pp. 18-39. ISSN 1750-2977

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Abstract

What conditions precipitate militia-inflicted sexual violence during counterinsurgency operations? In our article, we expand on the sexual violence as practice framework by focusing on the issue of commander's tolerance as a form of implicit order. Specifically, we argue that militia-inflicted sexual violence is amplified by two interrelated conditions–the link to the government security forces and the autonomy permitted to the militias in conflict zones. Thus, we refine the logic of sexual violence as practice to understand the finer variations of militia-committed violence. We elaborate our explanations by analyzing Indonesia's peripheral operations in East Timor, Aceh and West Papua.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	conflict-related sexual violence,counterinsurgency,indonesia,militias,principal-agent framework,political science and international relations,law,sdg 5 - gender equality,sdg 16 - peace, justice and strong institutions,3* ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3300/3320
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Arts and Humanities > School of Politics, Philosophy, Language and Communication Studies (former - to 2024)
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Arts and Humanities > Research Groups > Political, Social and International Studies Faculty of Arts and Humanities > Research Groups > Critical Global Politics
Related URLs:	http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?...
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	10 Sep 2021 00:24
Last Modified:	01 Jul 2025 00:43
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/81380
DOI:	10.1080/17502977.2020.1838760

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