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Mathers, Thomas, Wouters, Roland H. M., Mugford, Sam T., Swarbreck, David, Van Oosterhout, Cock 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5653-738X and Hogenhout, Saskia A.
(2021)
Chromosome-scale genome assemblies of aphids reveal extensively rearranged autosomes and long-term conservation of the X chromosome.
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38 (3).
856–875.
ISSN 0737-4038
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Abstract
Chromosome rearrangements are arguably the most dramatic type of mutations, often leading to rapid evolution and speciation. However, chromosome dynamics have only been studied at the sequence level in a small number of model systems. In insects, Diptera and Lepidoptera have conserved genome structure at the scale of whole chromosomes or chromosome arms. Whether this reflects the diversity of insect genome evolution is questionable given that many species exhibit rapid karyotype evolution. Here, we investigate chromosome evolution in aphids-an important group of hemipteran plant pests-using newly generated chromosome-scale genome assemblies of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and a previously published assembly of the corn-leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis). We find that aphid autosomes have undergone dramatic reorganization over the last 30 My, to the extent that chromosome homology cannot be determined between aphids from the tribes Macrosiphini (Myzus persicae and Acyrthosiphon pisum) and Aphidini (Rhopalosiphum maidis). In contrast, gene content of the aphid sex (X) chromosome remained unchanged despite rapid sequence evolution, low gene expression, and high transposable element load. To test whether rapid evolution of genome structure is a hallmark of Hemiptera, we compared our aphid assemblies with chromosome-scale assemblies of two blood-feeding Hemiptera (Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma rubrofasciata). Despite being more diverged, the blood-feeding hemipterans have conserved synteny. The exceptional rate of structural evolution of aphid autosomes renders them an important emerging model system for studying the role of large-scale genome rearrangements in evolution.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | acyrthosiphon pisum,hemiptera,myzus persicae,insect genome assembly,karyotype evolution,sex chromosome,synteny,ecology, evolution, behavior and systematics,molecular biology,genetics ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1105 |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Oct 2020 23:58 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Aug 2023 21:31 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/77122 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/molbev/msaa246 |
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