Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower risk of later-onset Crohn's disease:Results from two large prospective cohort studies

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Khalili, Hamed, Håkansson, Niclas, Chan, Simon S., Chen, Ye, Lochhead, Paul, Ludvigsson, Jonas F., Chan, Andrew T., Hart, Andrew R., Olén, Ola and Wolk, Alicja (2020) Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower risk of later-onset Crohn's disease:Results from two large prospective cohort studies. Gut, 69 (9). pp. 1637-1644. ISSN 0017-5749

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Abstract

Objective: To examine the relationship between Mediterranean diet and risk of later-onset Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Design: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 83 147 participants (age range: 45-79 years) enrolled in the Cohort of Swedish Men and Swedish Mammography Cohort. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate an adherence score to a modified Mediterranean diet (mMED) at baseline in 1997. Incident diagnoses of CD and UC were ascertained from the Swedish Patient Register. We used Cox proportional hazards modelling to calculate HRs and 95% CI. Results: Through December of 2017, we confirmed 164 incident cases of CD and 395 incident cases of UC with an average follow-up of 17 years. Higher mMED score was associated with a lower risk of CD (Ptrend=0.03) but not UC (Ptrend=0.61). Compared with participants in the lowest category of mMED score (0-2), there was a statistically significant lower risk of CD (HR=0.42, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.80) but not UC (HR=1.08, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.58). These associations were not modified by age, sex, education level, body mass index or smoking (all Pinteraction >0.30). The prevalence of poor adherence to a Mediterranean diet (mMED score=0-2) was 27% in our cohorts, conferring a population attributable risk of 12% for later-onset CD. Conclusion: In two prospective studies, greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with a significantly lower risk of later-onset CD.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
Uncontrolled Keywords: crohn's disease,elderly,epidemiology,inflammatory bowel disease,ulcerative colitis,gastroenterology ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2700/2715
Faculty \ School: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
UEA Research Groups: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Gastroenterology and Gut Biology
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Epidemiology and Public Health
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Groups > Public Health and Health Services Research (former - to 2023)
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Depositing User: LivePure Connector
Date Deposited: 02 Mar 2020 08:48
Last Modified: 22 Oct 2022 05:53
URI: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/74367
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319505

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