The effect of co-trimoxazole on serum potassium concentration: safety evaluation of a randomized controlled trial

Chan, Wei Yee, Clark, Allan B ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-8941, Wilson, Andrew M and Loke, Yoon K and TIPAC investigators (2017) The effect of co-trimoxazole on serum potassium concentration: safety evaluation of a randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 83 (8). 1808–1814. ISSN 0306-5251

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Abstract

AIMS: Co-trimoxazole maintains a well-established role in the treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii and Toxoplasma gondii, as well as urinary tract infections. Observational studies report hyperkalemia associated with co-trimoxazole which may stem from an amiloride-like potassium sparing effect. Our study reports on changes in serum potassium on patients without acute infections, and the influence of concomitant anti-kaliuretic drugs on this effect.  METHODS: Post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial in patients with interstitial lung disease who were assigned to placebo or 960 mg twice daily co-trimoxazole. Serum potassium and creatinine were measured at baseline, six weeks, 6, 9 and 12 months. Primary outcome was difference in mean serum potassium concentrations between co-trimoxazole and placebo at six weeks.  RESULTS: Mean serum potassiums were similar at baseline, 4.24 (±0.44) mmol/L in the 87 co-trimoxazole group participants and 4.25 (±0.39) mmol/L in the 83 control participants. Co-trimoxazole significantly increased mean serum potassium at 6 weeks, difference between means compared to placebo of 0.21 mmol/L (95% Confidence Intervals [CI] 0.09-0.34; p = 0.001). This significant increase in serum potassium was detectable even after exclusion of patients on anti-kaliuretic drugs, difference between means for co-trimoxazole compared to placebo 0.23 mmol/L (95% CI 0.09-0.38, p = 0.002). There were 5/87 (5.7%) patients on co-trimoxazole whose serum potassium reached concentrations ≥5.5 mmol/L during the study period.  CONCLUSIONS: Co-trimoxazole significantly increases serum potassium concentration, even in participants not using anti-kaliuretic drugs. Whilst the magnitude of increase is often minor, a small proportion in our outpatient cohort developed hyperkalaemia of clinical importance.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	co-trimoxazole,serum potassium,hyperkalaemia,adverse effect
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	02 Mar 2017 01:42
Last Modified:	19 Apr 2023 20:31
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/62821
DOI:	10.1111/bcp.13263

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