Kwok, Chun Shing, Loke, Yoon K., Welch, Ailsa A., Luben, Robert N., Lentjes, Marleen A.H., Boekholdt, S. Matthijs, Pfister, Roman, Mamas, Mamas A., Wareham, Nicholas J., Khaw, Kay-Tee and Myint, Phyo Kyaw (2016) Habitual chocolate consumption and the risk of incident heart failure among healthy men and women. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 26 (8). pp. 722-734. ISSN 0939-4753

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Abstract

Background: We aimed to examine the association between chocolate intake and the risk of incident heart failure in a UK general population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify this association. Methods and results: We used data from a prospective population-based study the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort. Chocolate intake was quantified based on a food frequency questionnaire obtained at baseline (1993-1997) and incident heart failure was ascertained up to March 2009. We supplemented the primary data with a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies which evaluated risk of incident heart failure with chocolate consumption. A total of 20,922 participants (53% women; mean age 58±9 years) were included of whom 1,101 developed heart failure during the follow up (mean 12.5±2.7 years, total person years 262,291 years). After adjusting lifestyle and dietary factors, we found 19% relative reduction in heart failure incidence in the top (up to 100g/d) compared to the bottom quintile of chocolate consumption (HR 0.81 95%CI 0.66-0.98) but the results were no longer significant after controlling for comorbidities (HR 0.87 95%CI 0.71-1.06). Additional adjustment for potential mediators did not attenuate the results further. We identified five relevant studies including the current study (N=75,408). The pooled results showed non-significant 19% relative risk reduction of heart failure incidence with higher chocolate consumption (HR 0.81 95%CI 0.66-1.01). Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher chocolate intake is not associated with subsequent incident heart failure.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	heart failure,chocolate,cocoa,epidemiology,meta-analysis
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
Depositing User:	Pure Connector
Date Deposited:	22 Mar 2016 09:38
Last Modified:	22 Apr 2020 01:10
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/57828
DOI:	10.1016/j.numecd.2016.01.003

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