Cardiac cachexia: A systematic overview

von Haehling, Stephan, Lainscak, Mitja, Springer, Jochen and Anker, Stefan D. (2009) Cardiac cachexia: A systematic overview. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 121 (3). pp. 227-252. ISSN 1879-016X

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Abstract

Cardiac cachexia as a terminal stage of chronic heart failure carries a poor prognosis. The definition of this clinical syndrome has been a matter of debate in recent years. This review describes the ongoing discussion about this issue and the complex pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia and chronic heart failure with particular focus on immunological, metabolic, and hormonal aspects at the intracellular and extracellular level. These include regulators such as neuropeptide Y, leptin, melanocortins, ghrelin, growth hormone, and insulin. The regulation of feeding is discussed as are nutritional aspects in the treatment of the disease. The mechanisms of wasting in different body compartments are described. Moreover, we discuss several therapeutic approaches. These include appetite stimulants like megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and cannabinoids. Other drug classes of interest comprise angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, anabolic steroids, beta-adrenergic agonists, anti-inflammatory substances, statins, thalidomide, proteasome inhibitors, and pentoxifylline.

Item Type:	Article
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
Depositing User:	Rhiannon Harvey
Date Deposited:	05 May 2011 16:00
Last Modified:	05 Jan 2023 14:31
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/29954
DOI:	10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.09.009

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