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Longo, L.S., Smith, E.F. and Licence, P. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2992-0153
(2016)
Study of the stability of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoroantimonate(V) based ionic liquids using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering.
ISSN 2168-0485
Abstract
A series of highly pure 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoroantimonate(V) ionic liquids was first investigated by XPS. Reliable binding energy values for all elements within the samples were obtained by applying a C 1s fitting model previously employed for other imidazolium ionic liquids, based on setting the C 1s aliphatic component to 285.0 eV when alkyl chains are longer than 8 carbons. We also observed a straightforward X-ray-mediated photoreduction of Sb(V) to Sb(III) species, i.e. reduction of [SbF6]− anion to volatile SbF3. Thus, binding energies values observed at 542.5 and 533.1 eV were attributed to Sb 3d3/2(V) and Sb 3d5/2(V), respectively, whereas values at 541.0 and 531.7 eV were found for Sb 3d3/2(III) and Sb 3d5/2(III), respectively. The SbF3 being formed can be lost either by evaporation and/or redistribution to the bulk. Providing the sample is cooled to freezing temperatures, the SbF3 is prevented from escaping the ionic liquid, and it accumulated on the surface of cooled [C4C1Im][SbF6] and [C8C1Im][SbF6]. Particularly in the case of prolonged X-ray exposure of a cooled [C4C1Im][SbF6], an unprecedented further reduction of Sb(III) to Sb(0) was observed. This study provides fundamental knowledge on the XPS data for antimony compounds as well as providing a step toward the surface analysis of materials composed by antimony species, notably the hexafluoroantimonate(V) anion.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Science > School of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Pharmacology |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Sep 2026 13:54 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Sep 2026 23:03 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/104680 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00919 |
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