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Barlow, Jos, Carvalho, Nathália S., Nunes, Cássio Alencar, Aguiar, Ana Paula Dutra, Alencar, Ane, Anderson, Liana O., Aragão, Luiz E. O. C, Baccaro, Fabricio, Barrett, Mike, Berenguer, Erika, Bodolai, Kristian, Brando, Paulo Monteiro, Couto, Thiago B. A. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2485-4970, Domingues, Tomas Ferreira, Elias, Fernando, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Igor José Malfetoni, Ferreira, Joice N., Flores, Bernardo M., Galbraith, David, Gardner, Toby Alan, Gloor, Emanuel, Hirota, Marina, Kapos, Valerie, Lapola, David M., Leal, Cecília, Lees, Alexander Charles, Lyon, Bel, Macedo, Marcia N., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, Meir, Patrick, Mercado, Lina M., Metcalf, Oliver, Miranda, Leonardo de Sousa, Mitchard, Edward T. A., Morton, Douglas C., Nel, Jeanne L., Oliveira, Rafael Silva, Phillips, Oliver L., Rowland, Lucy, Schietti, Juliana, Silva, Camila V. J., Silva-Junior, Celso H. L., Silva, Patrícia S., Silveira, Juliana M., Silvério, Divino Vicente, Sitch, Stephen, Tavares, Paulo Amador, Telhado, Cristina, Vieira, Ima C. G. and Wiederhecker, Helga Correa
(2026)
Rapid increase of climate extremes reveals new areas of concern in Amazonia.
Communications Earth & Environment, 7 (1).
ISSN 2662-4435
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Abstract
Amazonia is highly sensitive to climate extremes, yet we lack an Amazon-wide assessment that examines the spatial-temporal changes in these extreme conditions. We address this within seasons and across the hydrological year, using a quantiles approach that integrates the frequency and magnitude of climate extremes and by linking changes in temperature with evapotranspiration. We show that high temperature extremes and temperature-linked measures of water deficit are both changing at a much faster rate than central trends. The 95th percentile of maximum temperatures in the driest period increased by 0.49 °C per decade (dec-1) compared to 0.21°C dec-1 for the central trend of mean temperatures for the year. Crucially, over 700,000 square kilometres in central-north Amazonia have experienced increases in extreme dry season temperatures ≥ 0.75 °C dec-1 ( ≥ 3.22 °C over 43 years). Adaptation measures for these rapid changes in climate extremes must include preventing the deforestation and disturbances that amplify risks.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Data availability: All the data generated in this study is available in Zenodo repository: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21841170. ERA5-Land post-processed daily statistics dataset is available at: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets. CHIRPS rainfall data is available at: https://www.chc.ucsb.edu/data/chirps. Maps of rates of change presented in this manuscript can be visualised interactively at: https://nathaliacarvalho.shinyapps.io/climate-extremes-amazonia/. Code availability: The R scripts developed to run analysis and create the figures of this study are available in Zenodo repository: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21841170. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | sdg 13 - climate action ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Science > School of Environmental Sciences |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Sep 2026 13:38 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Sep 2026 10:41 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/104578 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s43247-026-03975-1 |
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