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Stather, Philip 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3585-6728
and
EuroSurg Collaborative, STARSurg Collaborative
(2025)
Extended pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and clinically relevant venous thromboembolism after major abdominal and pelvic surgery: international, prospective, propensity score-weighted cohort study:international, prospective, propensity score-weighted cohort study.
British Journal of Surgery, 112 (3).
ISSN 0007-1323
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Abstract
Background: There is low-certainty evidence on the impact of extended pharmacological prophylaxis on venous thromboembolism-associated morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of extended prophylaxis after major abdominopelvic surgery for the prevention of clinically relevant venous thromboembolism after hospital discharge. Methods: CArdiovaSCulAr outcomes after major abDominal surgEry (CASCADE) was a prospective, international, cohort study into which consecutive adult patients undergoing major abdominopelvic surgery were enrolled (January-May 2022). Extended prophylaxis was considered at least 28 days of anticoagulant prescription after surgery. The primary efficacy outcome was clinically relevant venous thromboembolism and the primary safety outcome was clinically relevant bleeding within 30 days after surgery (European Medicines Agency definitions). The independent association of these outcomes with extended prophylaxis was explored using mixed-effects logistic regression and propensity score weighting. Results: A total of 11 571 patients (median age of 58.0 years; 6399 (55.3%) women) from 29 countries were included. The extended prophylaxis prescription rate was 31.7% (3670 patients). The post-discharge venous thromboembolism and bleeding rates were 0.1% (12 patients) and 0.7% (85 patients) respectively. After weighting, extended prophylaxis was not significantly associated with increased bleeding risk (OR 1.07 (95% c.i. 0.64 to 1.81); P = 0.792) or decreased venous thromboembolism incidence, both in the overall cohort (OR 1.13 (95% c.i. 0.33 to 3.90); P = 0.848) and in a subgroup analysis of patients undergoing complex major surgery and with active cancer (OR: 1.36 (95% c.i. 0.33 to 5.57); P = 0.669). Conclusion: In modern practice, the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism is low. Extended prophylaxis appears safe, yet the clinical efficacy remains uncertain. Further work is required to define patients who stand to benefit.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Data availability: The data that support the findings of this study are available upon request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | surgery,sdg 3 - good health and well-being ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2700/2746 |
| Faculty \ School: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School |
| UEA Research Groups: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Metabolic Health |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Aug 2026 15:04 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Aug 2026 14:55 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/104341 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/bjs/znaf005 |
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