Development and Validation of the Religious Schema Questionnaire for Culturally Distorted Beliefs (ReSQue-CD)

Shaban, Taregh, Grey, Ian, Steel, Craig, Bower, Jo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3485-391X and Cody, Brettjet (2026) Development and Validation of the Religious Schema Questionnaire for Culturally Distorted Beliefs (ReSQue-CD). Mental Health, Religion & Culture. (In Press)

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Abstract

Maladaptive religious schemata are stable, negatively biased cognitive–emotional knowledge structures concerning God, the self, and religious practice that may contribute to psychological distress. To address the absence of measures assessing these schemata in Muslim populations, this study developed and validated the Religious Schema Questionnaire for Culturally Distorted Beliefs (ReSQue-CD). Childhood and adulthood versions of an 18-item measure were developed across three phases. Phase 1 involved qualitative item generation with 16 Muslim participants from Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) backgrounds. Phase 2 used exploratory factor analysis with 174 young Muslim adults, yielding a six-factor solution explaining 74.5–75.0% of the variance. Phase 3 used confirmatory factor analysis with 250 young Muslim adults, supporting the six-factor structure with good model fit. Both versions demonstrated good internal consistency (α =.85–.86) and evidence of convergent and divergent validity. The ReSQue-CD provides a culturally sensitive, psychometrically sound measure for assessing maladaptive religious schemata in conservative Muslim populations.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Data availability statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Due to the sensitivity of the data and ethical constraints, public sharing is not permitted.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	maladaptive religious cognitions,muslim mental health,measurement,clinical psychology,psychiatry and mental health ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3200/3203
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Social Sciences > School of Psychology
UEA Research Groups:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Research Centres > Mental Health and Social Care (fka Lifespan Health)
Related URLs:	https://www.scopus.com/pages/publication...
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	07 Aug 2026 15:21
Last Modified:	28 Sep 2026 16:01
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/104052
DOI:	10.1080/13674676.2026.2712537

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