Cortical thickness, gray matter volume, and cognitive performance: a crosssectional study of the moderating effects of age on their interrelationships

De Chastelaine, Marianne, Srokova, Sabina, Hou, Mingzhu, Kidwai, Ambereen, Kafafi, Seham S., Racenstein, Melanie L. and Rugg, Michael D. (2023) Cortical thickness, gray matter volume, and cognitive performance: a crosssectional study of the moderating effects of age on their interrelationships. Cerebral Cortex, 33 (10). pp. 6474-6485. ISSN 1047-3211

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Abstract

In a sample comprising younger, middle-aged, and older cognitively healthy adults (N = 375), we examined associations between mean cortical thickness, gray matter volume (GMV), and performance in 4 cognitive domains - memory, speed, fluency, and crystallized intelligence. In almost all cases, the associations were moderated significantly by age, with the strongest associations in the older age group. An exception to this pattern was identified in a younger adult subgroup aged <23 years when a negative association between cognitive performance and cortical thickness was identified. Other than for speed, all associations between structural metrics and performance in specific cognitive domains were fully mediated by mean cognitive ability. Cortical thickness and GMV explained unique fractions of the variance in mean cognitive ability, speed, and fluency. In no case, however, did the amount of variance jointly explained by the 2 metrics exceed 7% of the total variance. These findings suggest that cortical thickness and GMV are distinct correlates of domain-general cognitive ability, that the strength and, for cortical thickness, the direction of these associations are moderated by age, and that these structural metrics offer only limited insights into the determinants of individual differences in cognitive performance across the adult lifespan.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Data availability: The data generated by this study are undergoing additional analyses. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the authors on request subsequent to a formal data sharing agreement.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	brain volume,intelligence,lifespan,structural mri,cognitive neuroscience,cellular and molecular neuroscience ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2800/2805
Faculty \ School:	Faculty of Social Sciences > School of Psychology
Related URLs:	https://www.scopus.com/pages/publication...
Depositing User:	LivePure Connector
Date Deposited:	22 Jun 2026 13:26
Last Modified:	23 Jun 2026 07:56
URI:	https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/103464
DOI:	10.1093/cercor/bhac518

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