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Blows, Fiona M., Ali, H. Raza, Cope, Wei, Pharoah, Paul D. P., Pike, Claire V. S. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-7427, Provenzano, Elena and Coussons, Peter
(2024)
Expression of transglutaminase-2 (TGM2) in the prognosis of female invasive breast cancer.
BJC Reports, 2.
ISSN 2731-9377
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Abstract
Background: Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is a protein expressed in several isoforms in both intra- and extra-cellular tissue compartments. It has multiple functions that are important in cancer biology and several small studies have suggested expression of TGM2 in breast cancers is associated with a poorer prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of intra-cellular and extra-cellular TGM2 expression in breast cancer and to determine whether there were any differences by hormone receptor status. Methods: We carried out TGM2 immunostaining of tissue micro-arrays comprising 2169 tumour cores and scored these for both intra- and extra-cellular and expression. Results: Intra-cellular (tumour cell) TGM2 positivity was associated with a better prognosis (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.92) with a larger effect stronger in hormone-receptor-negative cases (HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.37–0.85). Extra-cellular (stromal) TGM2 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis (HR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.06–2.03) with a stronger association in hormone-receptor-positive cases (HR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.09–2.34). Conclusion: Tissue compartment and hormone receptor status differences in the effect of TGM2 expression on clinical outcomes of breast cancer may reflect the different functions of TGM2.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | Data availability: The data and analysis code (R script) to reproduce the results reported in this manuscript are available from the corresponding author on request. Funding information: SEARCH was funded by Cancer Research UK (C490/A10119 C490/A10124 C490/A16561). This work was supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University of Cambridge. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | sdg 3 - good health and well-being ,/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being |
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| Depositing User: | LivePure Connector |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Oct 2025 09:30 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Jun 2026 20:45 |
| URI: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/100611 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s44276-023-00030-w |
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