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dc:title "HTML Summary of #62928 \n\nThe role of GRAS-domain proteins in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis\n\n";
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bibo:abstract "A major limitation to plant growth is the restricted access to nutrients in the soil. To\r\nimprove nutrient acquisition, the majority of land plants enter a beneficial symbiosis\r\nwith arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The accommodation of fungal hyphae in roots\r\nrequires the extensive transcriptional reprogramming of host cells. Several GRASdomain\r\nproteins, including NSP1 (NODULATION SIGNALLING PATHWAY 1), NSP2, and\r\nRAM1 (REQUIRED FOR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZATION 1), have emerged as\r\nimportant transcriptional regulators during mycorrhization. Interaction studies suggest\r\nthat these proteins form multicomponent complexes, raising the question whether they\r\nregulate similar or different mycorrhizal processes. Here, the functions of NSP1, NSP2\r\nand RAM1 during AM development were investigated by detailed phenotypic and\r\ntranscriptional analyses of the corresponding loss‐of‐function mutants.\r\nGlobal gene expression profiling of nsp1‐1 revealed that NSP1 is required for the\r\nexpression of a large number of genes involved in strigolactone and gibberellin\r\nbiosynthesis at the pre‐contact stage of AM development. Strigolactones are known to\r\nattract the fungus to the root. In line with this, the quantification of mycorrhizal\r\nstructures showed a delay in mycorrhization in nsp1‐1. Transcriptional profiling\r\nconfirmed that the expression of the majority of mycorrhizal‐induced genes was\r\ndelayed, but not abolished in nsp1‐1, suggesting that NSP1 only has a minor role in the\r\ntranscriptional regulation once the contact between the fungus and the roots has been\r\nestablished. Unlike NSP1, RAM1 plays a critical role in the transcriptional regulation at\r\nlater stages of AM symbiosis. Mycorrhization was strongly impaired in ram1‐1, and\r\ntranscriptional profiling revealed that RAM1 is essential for the expression of several\r\ngenes involved in arbuscule development and the nutrient exchange between the\r\nsymbionts. Meanwhile, the exact function of NSP2 remains unclear, as no effect on\r\nmycorrhization was observed in nsp2‐2 under the conditions tested here. These findings\r\nsuggest that NSP1, NSP2 and RAM1 play largely different roles in the transcriptional regulation during AM development."^^xsd:string;
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foaf:name "University of East Anglia"^^xsd:string;
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