Conjunction revisited

Friston, Karl J, Penny, William D ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9064-1191 and Glaser, Daniel E (2005) Conjunction revisited. NeuroImage, 25 (3). pp. 661-667. ISSN 1053-8119

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Abstract

The aim of this note is to revisit the analysis of conjunctions in imaging data. We review some conceptual issues that have emerged from recent discussion (Nichols, T., Brett, M., Andersson, J., Wager, T., Poline, J.-B., 2004. Valid Conjunction Inference with the Minimum Statistic.) and reformulate the conjunction of null hypotheses as a conjunction of k or more effects. Analyses based on minimum statistics have typically used the null hypothesis that k = 0. This enables inferences about one or more effects (k > 0). However, this does not provide control over false-positive rates (FPR) for inferences about a conjunction of k = n effects, over n tests. This is the key point made by Nichols et al., who suggest a procedure based on supremum P values that provides an upper bound on FPR for k = n. Although valid, this is a very conservative procedure, particularly in the context of multiple comparisons. We suggest that an inference on a conjunction of k = n effects is generally unnecessary and distinguish between congruent contrasts that test for the same treatment and incongruent contrasts of the sort used in cognitive conjunctions. For congruent contrasts, the usual inference, k > 0, is sufficient. With incongruent contrasts it is sufficient to infer a conjunction of k >u effects, where u is the number of contrasts that share some uninteresting effect. The issues highlighted by Nichols et al., have important implications for the design and analysis of cognitive conjunction studies and have motivated a change to the SPM software, that affords a test for the more general hypothesis k >u. This more general conjunction test is described.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: arousal,attention,bias (epidemiology),brain,humans,image enhancement,computer-assisted image processing,logic,magnetic resonance imaging,mathematical computing,predictive value of tests,reproducibility of results,sensitivity and specificity
Faculty \ School: Faculty of Social Sciences > School of Psychology
UEA Research Groups: Faculty of Social Sciences > Research Centres > Centre for Behavioural and Experimental Social Sciences
Depositing User: Pure Connector
Date Deposited: 22 Aug 2017 06:35
Last Modified: 20 Apr 2023 00:32
URI: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/64619
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.013

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